Hey there,

I am sorry for the delay of this reply,

What can I do to change the listed items on the widget columns on the left and right?

Do you mean you would like to adjust the ordering from your widget left columns?
If yes, currently that was not possible to adjust the ordering from the setting, but if you wouldn't like to display some of the widget, you can check from backend > Easysocial > application
If you need help on this, perhaps you can provide us some screenshot which widget you would like to disable it from dashboard.

Regarding the right columns, you can adjust this from backend > extension > module > search the module name to find out the module
For example : Leader Board (screenshot : http://take.ms/b3mX7 )

What can I do to change the font size?

Which part of the font size you would like to change? Is it all the font which display on the user dashboard page?

What can I do to change the color scheme other than messing with css?

Currently we do not have a setting to change this color scheme on elegant template, you have to use custom css to achieve this. You also can put your custom css code into this following file location -> JoomlaFolder/templates/Elegant/css/custom.css