Hi Jaymz,
I am sorry for the delay of this reply.
Look like your content from EasyDiscuss the html tag has been converted into html entities code thus the strip_tags is not working on these content. I've added a simple hack on your EasyDiscuss app on to convert back these code into html tag. Now your content in EasySocial stream no longer have the html tags
Below is the file i've modified.
JOOMLA/media/com_easysocial/apps/user/discuss/discuss.php and added below code at line 338:
$content = html_entity_decode( $content );
Hope this help and have a nice day