Hi there,

Likes are usually used for user's that agreed/likes your opinion/post. For vote, commonly used if you wanted to implement or add new feature to your site, you create a post, then lets other vote, more vote more priority it will be considered to be implemented. And for rate, you can rate a post for example, a new feature already implemented, and you need feedback from others user on site and lets them rate on that particular post.

But, it is how exactly you implement those kind of technique for your site. It can be various technique to implement those like, vote, and rate feature to your site.

Hope this helps and have a nice day ahead.